What principle does a transformer operate on?

A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which is a fundamental concept in electromagnetism. When an alternating current passes through the primary coil of the transformer, it generates a changing magnetic field. This changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the secondary coil situated within the magnetic field. The efficiency and functionality of a transformer depend on this induction process, allowing for the transfer of electrical energy from one coil to another, often at different voltage levels.

The core of the transformer enhances the magnetic coupling between the coils and improves the efficiency of the energy transfer. The process of electromagnetic induction enables transformers to increase or decrease voltage according to the turns ratio of the coils, thus making them essential components in electrical power distribution systems. Recognizing this principle is crucial for understanding the operation and applications of transformers in various electrical contexts.