Which of the following effectively reduces the exposure to radiation during an x-ray?

Utilizing proper shielding techniques is essential in minimizing radiation exposure during an x-ray. Shielding involves using protective barriers, such as lead aprons, to absorb and block radiation from reaching sensitive areas of the body. This technique protects patients and healthcare workers from unnecessary radiation exposure, thereby reducing the risk of radiation-related health issues.

In a clinical setting, implementing proper shielding is a foundational principle of radiation safety. It not only safeguards the patient's reproductive organs and other critical areas but also helps to create a safer environment in the x-ray room for both patients and staff. This method is directly aimed at reducing exposure rather than merely manipulating exposure parameters or distance, making it the most effective choice among the options provided.